RadRodRabFer, Exotic pets
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Radiology of Rodents, Rabbits, and Ferrets: An Atlas
of Normal Anatomy and Positioning
ISBN 0-7216-9789-5
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier (USA). All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from
Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 238 7869,
fax: (+1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request
and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’.
NOTICE
Veterinary Medicine is an ever-changing field. Standard safety precautions must be followed, but as
new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy
may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current product infor-
mation provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommended
dose, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the
licensed prescriber, relying on experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine dosages and the
best treatment for each individual patient. Neither the publisher nor the authors assume any liability
for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication.
International Standard Book Number 0-7216-9789-5
Acquisitions Editor:
Anthony J. Winkel
Developmental Editor:
Jolynn Gower
Publishing Services Manager:
John Rogers
Senior Project Manager:
Beth Hayes
Designer:
Kathi Gosche
Cover Designer:
Jyotika Shroff
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number:
987654321
A CKNOWLEDGMENTS
The untiring efforts of many individuals made this atlas a reality. Hundreds of radiographic
images were produced by Jody Nugent-Deal and Kristina Palmer-Holtry. Candi Stafford
and Michelle Santoro provided technical advice and assistance to optimize image quality
and develop radiographic protocols. Bob Smith was our technical liaison with the
3M Corporation. Jason Peters and Richard Larson developed the computed tomography
techniques for acquiring thorough alternative imaging studies. Francesca Angelesco,
John Gardiner, and Kathy West had exceptional artistic talents and technical skills.
The attention to detail and resourcefulness of the aforementioned individuals resulted in
production of quality images that serve as the basis of this text.
The animals imaged were integral to this text’s creation. They were housed and main-
tained in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and the Guidelines for the Care and
Use of Laboratory Animals. All radiographic and alternative imaging procedures were
performed according to an approved animal care and use committee protocol. We are
indebted to the individuals who cared for these animals and provided permanent homes
for them when imaging was completed.
The diagnostic images created for this text were catalogued, digitized, and reproduced
by a technical support staff consisting of Jamie Ina, Andrea Pomposo, and Jennifer Chow,
DVM. They also provided extensive research and technical support to the authors.
John Duval assisted with digitization of radiographic images and graciously provided access
to image processing equipment. Ned Waters donated his personal time and efforts to help
digitize images when scanners were being serviced.
Drs. Seth Wallack, Karen Rosenthal, James Morrissey, Donald Thrall, David Crossley, and
Frank Verstraete reviewed the text and images for accuracy and content. Dr. Helen Diggs
was an invaluable resource and helped with the anatomic drawings. The insight of these
individuals greatly enhanced this atlas.
The concept of this atlas evolved because of the vision of Ray Kersey, former Executive
Editor of Veterinary Medicine for Elsevier. His dedication to disseminating veterinary
medical knowledge cannot be understated.
Dr. Anthony Winkel, Jolynn Gower, Beth Hayes, and Kathi Goshe of Elsevier provided
invaluable assistance during the final production phase of this atlas. Their dedication,
hard work, and guidance regarding technical and esthetic matters were crucial and
greatly appreciated.
Production of this atlas entailed 3 years of work, and we would be remiss not to
acknowledge the goodwill, support, and understanding of our families. Our spouses,
Debrah Tom and Don Preisler, constantly provided support and encouraged us to continue
even though there were many hours devoted to the creation of the atlas rather than family
affairs. Debrah Tom never failed to say “Have Fun” and Don Preisler responded with
“No Problem” when told of a weekend of work ahead. Alexander and Nicholas Preisler
made many visits to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital on weekends to say hello to
their Mom and to bring the entire crew refreshments.
In closing, we would like to extend our appreciation to all of these individuals for their
encouragement, efforts and sacrifices. We are indebted to them for their persistence and
dedication.
SS and LT
VII
PREFACE
The species included in this text historically have been vital in biomedical research, but are
becoming increasingly popular as companion animals. Documentation of radiographic and
alternative imaging findings associated with disease conditions of these species has
expanded greatly. However, there is no single reference that provides normal radiographic
and alternative imaging anatomy for these species as there is for dogs, cats, horses, and
other domestic animals. Diagnostic studies of these species were previously interpreted
based on clinical experience and extrapolated knowledge from other species.
The purpose of this atlas is to provide veterinary clinicians with normal radiographic
images and alternative imaging studies. We hope this atlas increases the utilization and
accuracy of diagnostic imaging of these species and enhances their medical care.
IX
CHAPTER
•
1
Radiology Equipment and
Positioning Techniques
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